Mitigation of the Global Greenhouse Gas-Samples for Students

Question: What Was the Expected Impact on Canada? Answer Presentation The Paris Agreement had been a memorable one for making any radical strides for the environmental change. This understanding concentrated on the alleviation of the worldwide ozone depleting substance emanation and adjustment. In excess of 160 nations took an interest and consented to the arrangement in 2016. A portion of the nations included USA, Japan, India, China, Canada, Germany, Brazil and so forth. The biggest producers of green house gases were USA and China. Canada has recorded the least of about 1.95% of the all out outflow of the world (Azzara Rutherford, 2015). Investigation This understanding considerably affected Canada however the nation has a less emanation pace of ozone harming substances. After the Paris understanding, the traditionalist legislature of Canada was casted a ballot for the Prime Minister of Liberal Party, Justin Trudeau. He had a similar objective as Stephen Harper, his antecedent regarding decrease of the outflows by about 30% by 2030. He found a way to turn around the current activities of opposing the climatic conditions. Trudeau was resolved to contribute about $2.65 billion for the following five years as an arrangement to help the creating nations in battling against the atmosphere changes after the Paris understanding. Canada made certain strides following the Paris understanding. There was a prompt gathering of the ecological priests from 28th January, 2016 to 29th January, 2016. There was another gathering of the clergymen on third March, 2016. There was a gathering between the Prime Minister of Canada and the then President of USA on tenth March, 2016 about the climatic changes. Trudeau likewise consented to a respective atmosphere arrangement with the then President of USA, Barrack Obama following the Paris understanding that concentrated on the aeronautics business and the methane contamination. The financial plan was postponed at Canada on 22nd March, 2016. This financial plan characterized another vision for the economy as a worldwide development place for Canada. A lot later, the cost of carbon was reported in Canada on third October, 2016. There was a vote in the Canadian parliament on fifth October, 2016 to confirm the Paris understanding. On that very day, the understanding was endorsed in the nation. It was trailed by a worldwide arrangement to sta ge down the HFC contamination on 15 October, 2016 (Government of Canada, 2016). The Government of Canada intended to get together with the regions and the areas to take the important activities on the progressions of atmosphere in the nation and diminish the contamination of carbon. The Climatic Change Adaptation Program helped the northern and the Indigenous people group to address the likely dangers and difficulties on account of the climatic changes. The Canadian Government wanted to work with the United States and the Mexican government towards settling a mainland bargain about environmental change (Thoms, 2015). USA and Canada were resolved to take vital activities in decrease of the methane emanations from the oil division (White House, 2016). Both the nations cooperated on projects, methodologies and strategies. They attempted to diminish the HFC discharge cooperating. Both these nations attempted to build up an Arctic initiative model so as to ensure the adjustments in the atmosphere. References Azzara, A., Rutherford, D. (2015). Air contamination from marine vessels in the US High Arctic in 2025 (Vol. 1). ICCT Working Paper 2015. Administration of Canada, (2016). Canadas activity on environmental change. Accessible at: https://www.canada.ca/en/administrations/condition/climate/climatechange/atmosphere activity/activity atmosphere change.html Thoms, Z, (2015). Canada and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Accessible at: https://energyinsider.ca/index.php/canada-and-the-paris-concurrence on environmental change/ White House, (2016). U.S.- Canada Joint Statement on Climate, Energy, and Arctic Leadership. Accessible at: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/03/10/us-canada-joint-articulation atmosphere vitality and-ice authority .

Consumer Attitude towards different Dairy Housing Systems

Question: Clarify an exploration proposition on: Consumers disposition towards various dairy lodging frameworks and dairy items in UK? Answer: Research Aim The title of this examination paper explains that the focal point of this exploration is mostly towards assessing customer conduct towards dairy lodging frameworks ands dairy items. The examination is subsequently planned for breaking down purchaser conduct with the end goal of distinguishing significant procedures so the upgrade in the exhibition could be accomplished. It is for the most part a significant assignment to advertisers that they ought to comprehend the conduct of their clients so significant choices can be embraced by them to fulfill their clients. Shopper conduct is tied in with understanding the activities and demeanor as appeared by them while making the acquisition of their necessities. It is profoundly basic for the advertisers to see such procedures so they can effective make changes in accordance with their techniques and items so as to fulfill their clients (Nelson, 2002). Purchasers are the most significant resources of an association, and it is fundamental that they ought to be totally fulfilled by organizations so as to acquire higher benefit and support their activities. In this regard, learning the conduct of shoppers is profoundly basic since it permits advertisers in fulfilling all the parts of the items and administrations contributions by modifying them according to the clients necessities and requirements. It is in this way viewed as the starting point to the advertisers, and by having great comprehension of their purchaser conduct and desires, there could be better odds of fulfilling them. There are different significant techniques that could be considered by organizations in distinguishing the mentality of their clients towards the items and administrations as offered by them. This incorporates reviewing clients for their items, or watching them while they make buys and some more (Kim, Ferrin and Rao, 2008). This examination consequently targets breaking down the buyer conduct towards journal items and lodging frameworks across UK. Research Objectives The principle inquire about goals that will be engaged by the scientist in accomplishing the fundamental point of this examination are: To dissect the idea of shopper conduct and its significance to advertisers. To break down the procedure of dynamic as settled on by purchasers and the manners in which choices are at last taken by them. To investigate the potential for advertisers in understanding the conduct of their customers. To concentrate on the buyer conduct towards dairy lodging frameworks and dairy items as sold in UK. To distinguish methodologies in accomplishing improvement in such execution of dairy items. Research Questions The exploration addresses that will be replied from playing out this examination are: What is customer conduct and how it is imperative to advertisers? What is the dynamic procedure as chosen by buyers while making acquisition of their prerequisites? How advertisers can profit by understanding the idea of customer conduct? What is the demeanor of buyers towards dairy lodging frameworks and items? What significant techniques could be considered in improving the presentation of dairy items? Writing Review This writing search is engaged towards investigating the significant perspectives identified with the shopper conduct so the examination inquiries as presented above could be addressed proficiently. As a piece of performing investigation of the writing, there will be the assessment of past examinations concerning what it intended to consider purchaser conduct and how this idea can help advertisers in playing out their jobs and duties in a profoundly productive way. The significant viewpoints identified with this examination are talked about beneath by analyzing the current writing discoveries: Idea of Consumer Behavior: An investigation recommends that this specific idea of buyer conduct is examined widely in the current writing by the analysts before. The meaning of purchaser conduct is given by Hoyer and MacInnis (2008) by demonstrating that it is chiefly the investigation of the dynamic procedure of customers concerning their buying choices which incorporates exercises, for example, obtaining and utilization of conclusive products and ventures. It once in a while incorporates the post buy conduct of the buyers also mostly as to their encounters from the utilization of the item. Shopper conduct is tied in with understanding the dynamic procedure of the customers when they considers for making the acquisition of their necessities from showcase. This infers customer conduct is distinguished as a procedure that includes more than essentially the purchasing of items and administrations. As recommended by Lamb, Hair and McDainiel (2011) a significant viewpoint in the whole ex pending purchasing choice is the obtaining part which mostly shows about the manners by which the real acknowledgment of the item has been made by the shoppers. The procurement of items by purchasers can take any of the structures, for example, exchanging, renting or it very well may be sharing. Aside from this, the aura conduct of shopper infers the procedure by which customer disposes of the contribution as made to them. There can be numerous individuals engaged with the procedure of shopper purchasing conduct since it is viewed as a unique procedure. The way clarifying the procedure in which shopper settles on choices in purchasing items and administrations is clarified by the buyer purchasing conduct process. Kardes et al (2010) has given clarification of the idea of buyer conduct by clarifying that the procedure incorporates a wide scope of exercises identified with buy and use and removal of merchandise and enterprises. The investigation of purchaser conduct additionally includes an appraisal of the passionate, mental and social reactions as appeared by the customers during the genuine acquisition of the items and administrations as made by them. Purchaser conduct according to Kumar (2009) is about the beginning stage to advertisers in understanding their shoppers and in this manner in conceiving significant methodologies planned for making higher progress levels in fulfilling them. It is a profoundly powerful procedure that continues changing and this makes it basic that advertisers should put forth an attempt to become familiar with their purchaser purchasing conduct process all the time so they can devise techniques focused on better gathering out the necessities and desires for their clients. Customer conduct is along these lines the conduct appeared by shoppers while making the quest for items and administrations. The procedure is generally embraced by customers in a progression of steps and each one of those means should be broke down so as to comprehend the procedure in a profoundly effective manner.mportance in Studying Consumers: It is exceptionally fundamental to consider conduct of purchasers due to various reasons as distinguished by different such investigations led before. As indicated by Andrews and Currim (2004) a significant trouble to advertiser is for the most part regarding the advancement of items and administrations that could accomplish more elevated level of market achievement. This requires them a total comprehension of what really is the necessities of purchasers inside the market. This infers the most noteworthy choice of propelling an item in the market is profoundly affected by the conduct of buyers and it is accordingly fundamental that endeavors ought to be made to examine customer conduct by them. The necessities and inclinations of buyers as distinguished ought to be joined inside the items as made, as this would permit advertisers in fulfilling the necessities and prerequisites of their clients in a positive manner and at last in fulfilling them decidedly. Considering shopper conduct is likewise recognized as exceptionally significant by Hoyer, Macinnis and Dasgupta (2008) as they have shown that the information about purchaser conduct is basic to advertisers in planning and growing profoundly effective showcasing systems and strategies which thusly is essential to them to focus on their clients. The conduct as appeared by shoppers helps advertisers in structuring the items and conveying and imparting them productively in a way that suits their prerequisites. Degeratu, Rangaswamy and Wu (2000) affirms that understanding buyer conduct empowers the advertisers in creating more grounded relations with their clients, and this more grounded holding is very basic to them in making higher progress levels in promoting their contributions to their clients. Heitmann, Lehman and Herrman (2007) states that wonderful clients is profoundly basic and imperative to organizations, and this could be emphatically cultivated by method of making long haul holding with them through creation endeavors to meet out their dynamic needs and inclinations for items and administrations. Organizations need to adjust their contributions from normal timespan in fulfilling their clients and this could be emphatically cultivated by examining their purchasers on standard premise. Buyer Attitude towards Dairy Products: As purchaser conduct is distinguished as exceptionally pertinent to contemplate, its effect is apparent in regard to the all the fields. Concerning case, regarding dairy cultivating items, the disposition of purchaser is basic to be estimated, and there are different such investigations that have endeavored to gauge the demeanor of their shoppers towards dairy cultivating items. As per an investigation as led by Young et at (2010) it has been assessed that the most significant factor that is given significance by the shoppers while buying the dairy items is for the most part the quality factor. The nature of dairy items has consistently been a significant worry to buyers, and they frequently give more significant level of consideration towards this specific factor. This is mostly on the grounds that the examination discoveries showed that there are odds of illnesses transmitted in view of devouring dairy items. This prompts more significant leve l of insurance

3 Incredible Texan Writers

3 Incredible Texan Writers In February, I had the honor of attending my first artist residency. Along with two phenomenal artists, I occupied a large house in the small town of Corsicana, Texas, which incidentally was the first place that oil was discovered in Texas, and which has statues of  workers  placed at street intersections. The house itself was an old Odd Fellows lodge, making it all the more fascinating. Best of all, though, I got to read a lot  while I was there. It was my first time in Texas and I confess I loved it. To honor the state I spent a glorious two weeks in, I wanted to feature some excellent books by writers who call Texas their home. David Searcy lives in Dallas but also has a studio and writing space in Corsicana, right across the street from where I was staying, which made for a happy accident. His most recent book,  Shame and Wonder, is a gorgeous collection of essays, about everything from cereal box prizes to his close friend who died in a  barely-existing town named Uncertain in Texas. The essays are united by their style and the fierce intelligence behind them, coupled with Searcys humility. A gorgeous essay collection and tinged with Texas throughout. Don Tate may have been born in Iowa, but hes a Texas writer now, living in Austin with his wife and kid.  He started out as an illustrator for books like  Rons Big Mission  and  She Loved Baseball: The Effa Manley Story,  but recently has begun writing his own books, the first one being  It Jes’ Happened: When Bill Traylor Started to Draw.  Hes also one of the founders of The Brown Bookshelf, a blog that aims to showcase the African American authors writing childrens books today. Though she lives all over the place later in life, Katherine Anne Porter spent many, many years in her birthplace, Texas. Best known for her short stories, Porter also wrote the novel  Ship of Fools. Most of her stories took place in the American South, so  its fair to say that growing up in Texas had an effect on her creative work. Porter also wrote nonfiction at least one essay collection and her letters were published posthumously as well. Know any Texas writers youd like people to know about? Share them with us!

Dr. Martin Luther King s Speech - 1127 Words

In Dr. Martin Luther King’s speech, â€Å"Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence†, King asserts that the war in Vietnam is a â€Å"symptom† (7) of a much larger disease that affects the â€Å"American spirit† (7). The disease King mentions is causing destruction where ever it is found, and in the case of the Vietnam war, it has led to their oppression and the death of people. In the section, Strange Liberators, King states, â€Å"They move sadly and apathetically as we heard them off the land of their fathers into concentration camps where minimal social needs are rarely met. They know they must move or be destroyed by our bombs† (8). King believed that the disease was leading the United States to take drastic actions against the Vietnamese people. The U.S.†¦show more content†¦Further on into the section, King proclaims, â€Å"They wander into the hospitals, with at least twenty casualties from American firepower for one Vietcong-inflic ted injury† (8). What this shows is that through the United States’ search for dominance, it has resulted in taking a violent action. The U.S. government believed that if they were not in control of Vietnam, the spread of communism and their downfall in dominance would still be an issue. Since the Vietnamese people were in search for their independence, they wouldn’t accept being under the control of another nation, therefore, for the United States, they saw violence as their only solution. During such draconian times, many thought that there might not be a solution to end the violence and misery, except for King. In his speech, King explains that there is a solution for the current dilemma, or in this case, a cure to this horrible disease. In the section, This Madness Must Cease, King affirms that, he has the possible solution and provides a list of how it can be possible to solve this issue: â€Å"I would like to suggest five concrete things that our government should do immediately to begin the long and difficult process of extricating ourselves from this nightmarish conflict: 1. End all bombing in North and South Vietnam. 2. Declare a unilateral cease-fire in the hope that such action will create the atmosphere for negotiation. 3. Take immediate steps to prevent other battlegrounds inShow MoreRelatedDr. Martin Luther King Jr s Speech970 Words   |  4 Pages What makes Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s speech so important till this day? It’s ability to still move people. Dr. King Jr. was one of the best speakers of his time during the Civil Rights Movement. He wrote many distinguished works, two of them being his I Have a Dream Speech and his letter, Letters from Birmingham. Letters from Birmingham Jail was written from jail after he was shortly arrested for attempting to share his views with clergymen on this racial injustice. Dr. King delivered his I HaveRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King s Speech1318 Words   |  6 PagesAugust 28 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King delivered his infamous speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† to America. His dream highlighted the injustices of segregation and discrimination of African Americans that took place in this nation every single day. Dr. King inspired thousands d espite the color of their skin, to take a stance against racism, with his powerful way with words. In his speech MLK efficaciously uses, Ethos, Pathos, and Logos by using allusions, developing credibility, in his speech to persuade allRead MoreKing s Speech By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.999 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"I Have a Dream† one of the most popular speeches in history was written by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., an African American preacher. He directs his speech to two main groups of people. The first group being those listening to the speech, and the second being those who are just around the area where he is delivering his speech. King’s speech is focusing on the civil rights of the African American citizens. He talks about how poorly the other people have treated them. He uses historical documentationRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech1696 Words   |  7 PagesDr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech has served as inspiration to multiple generations in the 52 years since his words were spoken. Individuals and groups have rallied behind his message of equality and peace and quoted this speech countless times in an attempt to further Dr. King’s dream of bringing racial injustice to an end. In this speech, which wa s delivered as the culmination of the March for Jobs in 1962, Dr. King addressed nearly 250,000 people to bring awareness to the injusticesRead MoreObservations On The s I Have A Dream Speech By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.881 Words   |  4 Pageshappened 5 years ago, Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his I Have a Dream Speech on the Washington Mall 47 years ago, and Mother Teresa was born a century ago. Monday: Katrina; Tuesday: I Have a Dream; Today: Mother Teresa After spending a great deal of time on and devoting a good deal of space to the two previous subjects in this series on recent anniversaries, 2005 s devastating Hurricane Katrina and the world-changing 1963 I Have a Dream speech by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., I had lookedRead MoreAnalysis of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream Speech619 Words   |  3 Pages28, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered one of the most famous speeches of all time to an audience of more than 200,000 civil rights supporters on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. In his, â€Å"I have a dream† speech, King addressed his encouragement of white and black people working together to achieve racial peace and harmony. He especially wanted to teach the young blacks that equality could be gained through the use of non-violence. The main reason King used nonviolenceRead Moreâ€Å"a Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’S ‘I Have a Dream’ Speech and ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail’†.1444 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech and ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail’†. 9% Similarity Born in Atlanta Georgia in 1929, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., conceivably lived as one of the greatest social and religious leaders in a country where a group of its citizens had to endure excruciating conditions of disenfranchisement, inferiority and degradation of a second class citizenship by reasons of race, color or origin. In effort to condemn allRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream Speech915 Words   |  4 Pages Dr. Martin Luther King delivered his I Have a Dream speech to the thousands of African Americans who had marched on Washington, D.C. at the height of the Civil Rights Movement. The date of the speech was August 28, 1963, but it is one that will live for generations. Of course his purpose was to convince his audience on several fronts: he sought to persuade the black community to stand up for the rights afforded them under the Constitution, and he also sought to Read MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream Speech1480 Words   |  6 PagesRights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream speech was broadcasted across the nation and heard by millions of Americans on August 28, 1963. Throughout the decades, many have promoted the importance of racial equality in America. Leaders such as William J. Clinton, Barack Obama, and George W. Bush have contributed to modern social movements by, doing as Dr. King himself, giving speeches to varying audiences concerning the issue of racial inequality. Above all, Martin Luther King Jr made theRead MorePurpose of Education Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesSynthesis Essay: The Purpose of Education Everyday we go to school to receive our education, but what is the purpose of education? Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech, â€Å"The Purpose of Education† and Frank O’Connor’s short story, â€Å"Christmas Morning,† both discuss what is the purpose of education. The purpose of education is to acknowledge not only one’s intelligence, but also one’s character, provide one with the ability to make decisions and achieve their goals. One of the purposes of education

Financial Analysis of CanGo - 1656 Words

The company of CanGo lack in many areas that prevents it from being a successful business in the future. Many problems can be found between its managers and employees. It is imperative for CanGo to better understand its company by making wiser business decisions in the future. One important recommendation for CanGo is to adopt a mission and vision statement. By creating a mission and vision statement, CanGo will have something to look forward to in the future. The mission and vision statement will narrow the focus of CanGo and enable it to choose only the path that best fits the company. Up to this point, CanGo has made decisions without thinking how these decisions will affect the company in the long run. However, if CanGo adopts a mission and vision statement, their standing would improve among its competitors since everyone would be on one accord with what the company is set out to achieve and accomplish. In this paper, I will provide a financial analysis of CanGo. Later, I will p rovide strategic recommendations that will guarantee a brighter future for CanGo. CanGo has experienced many financial problems due to poor decision making. For example, in 2009, CanGo used proceeds from IPO, better known as initial public offering, to buy an online gaming company. This was a poor investment based on two reasons. First of all, it can be very difficult to predict how a stock will fare off on its first day of trading versus upcoming days in the future. Second, initial publicShow MoreRelatedCango Week 3 Financial Analysis803 Words   |  4 Pagesour initial analysis last week, NewGen had the opportunity to review CanGo’s financial statement. The success of a business depends on its ability to remain profitable over the long term, while being able to pay all its financial obligations and earning above average returns. NewGen leveraged our knowledge of Investment rations, breaking our analysis down into four (4) key areas, efficiency, financial leverage, liquidi ty and profitability. Attached you will find our financial analysis summary matrixRead MoreFinancial Analysis1076 Words   |  5 PagesCango Financial CanGo Financial Analysis Report The success of a business depends on its ability to remain profitable over the long term, while being able to pay all its financial obligations and earning above average returns for its shareholders. This is made possible if the business is able to maximize on available opportunities and very efficiently and effectively use the resources it has to create maximum value for all involved stakeholders. One way the performance of a company can be measuredRead MoreCango: Strategic Management and Swot Analysis1501 Words   |  7 Pageshave taken place here at CanGo. For the short time I have been observing I have learned that CanGo is a small company but is one of the fastest growing companies around. During the meetings none of the staff members talked about the effects that online gaming would have. Furthermore, staff didn’t ask opinions on the online gaming topic they also didn’t speak about price of stock or how it contribute to the overall strategy. Some employees would like to see some firm financial projections before implementingRead MoreCanGo Online Gaming Industry673 Words   |  3 PagesThe largest factor which must be examined in regards to CanGo entering the online gaming industry is the probability of success, which is measured by profit. Upper management must consider many financial factors that will be imperative to the overall success of the company. In order to implement the new sector into the company auspiciously, expenses in relation to human resources, supply and logistics management, marketing, and the procurement and deployment of new and existing technology/methodologiesRead MoreWeek 6 Analysis1373 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the CanGo executives would like to see the company grow. While there are many ideas that have been presented that would elevate the company and give it a greater presence, there are also many consequences to consider when embarking on new opportunities. CanGo must decide if the benefit of the opportunity cost is greater than the economic trade-off. One evident factor that is prohibiting CanGo’s expansion is lack of financial resources. With its deficiency in working capital, CanGo must nowRead MoreCango Week 2 Video Analysis by Team a Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesCanGo Video Analysis- Week 2 The Innovative A’s Consulting Group is glad to run our analysis on your company’s operational process. Your company has done tremendous progress and indeed it is a recommendable success as it started out small and grew to be one of the leading businesses in the industry. In our analysis over the past two weeks, we observed that, if planned well, CanGo has a promising future ahead. Our team came up with certain issues being faced by your company, which we assume, ifRead MoreCango Analysis999 Words   |  4 Pages|Cango | |Analysis Report | |Individual | | Read MoreCango Financial Ananlysis Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesFinancial analysis of CanGo CanGo has been growing rapidly ever since its formation. It experienced a greater than expected growth in revenues. However, the company is faced with some financial difficulties and so there is a need to take certain financial decisions. Also, it faces problems of controlling logistics related to growth. Rapid growth seems to be a blessing. However, it depends on the company’s ability how they deal with it. The holiday season of 2009 showed the company’s inability toRead MoreCango Financial1127 Words   |  5 PagesCanGo Financial Analysis Report The success of a business depends on its ability to remain profitable over the long term, while being able to pay all its financial obligations and earning above average returns for its shareholders. This is made possible if the business is able to maximize on available opportunities and very efficiently and effectively use the resources it has to create maximum value for all involved stakeholders. One way the performance of a company can be measured on critical areasRead MoreCango Week 2 Analysis Report Essay2763 Words   |  12 PagesCanGo Week Two Analysis Report DeVry University Bus460 Senior Project Instructor David Mozinski Introduction The Grad Consultants have spent the last two weeks observing CanGo and their business practices to help them determine the weaknesses within their organization. We will use our knowledge and experience to provide suggestions for improvement that will have a positive impact not only on CanGo’s bottom line but also on the morale of all those

The Four Theories of Government Free Essays

Akira Simmons 3/5/09 Government There were fourdifferent theories of governments, the force theory, the evolutionary rule, the divine right theory, and social contract theory. The Force theory was when one person or group of people gained control of the area and forced others to submit to their rule. The evolutionary Rule basically said that the states would develop naturally out of family clans, tribes, ect. We will write a custom essay sample on The Four Theories of Government or any similar topic only for you Order Now The divine right theory said that the state was created by God and God gave people of royal birth the â€Å"divine right to rule†. The social contract theory was created by Thomas Hobbes and he believed that before the state people were British. People lived poorly and to improve their lives people could enter into a social contract where a superior person would rule over the rest. None of these four different theories of governments would be a best fit for the United States today. The force theory should not be a government for the United States. A dictator or a group of dictators would make all decisions and there would be no rights for U. S. citizens. The people would have no say and would not be able to vote on anything. The dictator would have all control. In the United States today, we do not use the force theory, but rather a democracy. The Force theory would not be best fit for the United States because with one person having all control, the people of the United States would not have a government that would not be able to exercise their amendments. The evolutionary Rule would also not be a best fit for the United States because in the evolutionary rule, there is no one with control. There would be no form of government and the states would be separate depending on what family you were born into. The area the family clan or tribe originated from would become part of that state. The states would develop naturally rather than families moving throughout each state. This theory would not be a best fit for the United States because there would be no form of government and the families would be born into a state. The divine right theory is mostly based on religion and would not be a good way to govern in the United States because people practice different religions. God gave people of the royal birth the â€Å"divine right to rule†, but not all people believe in the same religion or God. Not only would religion be an issue but also the royal family factor. In the United States, there are no royal families, but there are wealthy, middle class, and the low class. The â€Å"divine right to rule† is not used in the United States because of the different religions. This theory would not be best fit for the United States because the United States does not rule based on religion and there are no royal families. The Social contract theory was created by Thomas Hobbes and he basically stated that the state people were British. People were poor and to improve their lives people would enter into a social contract where one superior person ruled over the rest. This would not be a best fit form of government for the United States today because not everybody lives poor in every state. Each state has a different group of lower class, middle class, and upper class. This also would not be good government for the U. S. because with one superior person ruling there would be no democracy. The United States does not use the social contract today because of these reasons. The four theories of forms of government were all different from one another. These theories are should not be used in the United States today because it’s a different time from when these theories were created. They also should not be used in the U. S. today because there are different reasons the theories would not work in the U. S. How to cite The Four Theories of Government, Papers

Okonkwo Things Fall Apart free essay sample

The way in which they raise us depicts who we are going to be. When Okonkwo was growing up, his father impacted his fear of being thought of as weak. He had to prove to his community that he wasn’t like his father. In the powerful story of, Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe he tells a story of an Ibo farmer (Okonkwo) who lives in Nigeria. Instead of controlling his fear, he allows it to take over him and force his actions on people. Although he is known for his fearlessness, he experiences this internal worry about himself and the fear of failure and weakness. In Umofia, the father is known to provide for the family, since his father was incapable of affording anything he grew up with a weakness that he couldn’t overthrow. Okonkwo did not have the start in life which many other men had so he struggled. We will write a custom essay sample on Okonkwo Things Fall Apart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Unoka (Okonkwos father) was an ill-fated man. He had a bad chi or personal god, and evil fortune followed his to the grave, or rather his death, for he had no grave†(18). Okonkwo didn’t inherit a barn, title or wife. As a child he grew up with a father who showed him what a man shouldn’t be. He grows up being very ashamed of his father and spends his entire life trying not to be life him. Unoka spent his life barrowing from people and never repaying them. â€Å"In his day he was lazy and improvident and was quite incapable of thinking about tomarrow†¦ Unoka the grown-up was a failure†(45). He had an enormous effect on Okonkwo. Unoka’s weaknesses gave him the drive to become a well-respected man of the village. When Okonkwo was still young he won several wrestling matches and became known as the greatest wrestler in all the villages. He became a wealthy farmer with two barns full of yams and just married his third wife. Because of his father’s life, he was forced to make his life successful all by himself. Okonkwo cares about his village and what the people of Umofia think of him. Since he is very high ranked in his village and is known for his strength, he believes that violence is the only way to get respect. â€Å"’He (okonkwo) was not afraid of war. He was a man of action, a man of war. Unlike his father, he could not stand the look a blood. In Umofia’s latest war he was the first to bring home a human head†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(2) Okonkwo was very well-known and important in his village. He had no fear of violence. Fearlessness in war is a highly respected quality in Umofia. When Ikemefuna was brought into Okonkwo’s family, Okonkwo was very fond of him, but that wouldn’t stop him from beating him. â€Å"’When Okonkwo heard that he (Ikemefuna) would not eat any food he came into the hut with a big stick in his hand and stood over him as he swallowed the yams, trembling. A few moments later he went being the hut and began to vomit painfully. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(45) Okonkwo is the ruler of his household based on fear. Not only does he scare Ikemufuna into eating, but his wives are scared of being beaten. He always needs to make sure that his family knows who is in charge because he does not want to be compared to his father. Okonkwo worries about becoming like his father-lazy, feminine and unable to support his family. This worry results to a dictatorship torwards his family. He shows no emotion because he considers it to be soft and not masculine. â€Å"’Okonkwo was especially fond of Ezinma. She looked very much like her mother who was the village beauty, but his fondness only showed on occasions. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Ezinma is Okonkwo’s oldest daughter and favorite child. He wishes that she was a boy and believes that shows how much he loves her. He is also very fond of Ikemefuna because he helped Nwoye develop into a son Okonkwo always wanted. More than anything Okonkwo tries to follow the laws of the village. Ogbueifi Ezeudu tells him that the Oracle has announced that Ikemefuna must be killed. â€Å"’ He heard Ikemefuna cry, â€Å"My father they have killed me! † as he ran towards him. Dazed with fear, Okonkwo drew his machete and cut him down. He was afraid of being thought of as weak. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢( 105 ) Whenever Okonkwo was faced with a choice between maintaining his strength, and showing emotion, he chooses his honor and reputation over his family. Unlike his father who broke every rule there was. Overall fear from Okonkwo’s childhood has lead him to behave in negative ways that bring him anger to the gods; being exiled from Umofia, guilt; killing Ikemefuna and the fear of the disapproval. From when Okonkwo was young to now he promised himself he would never let his family starve like his father let him. His father had a big impact on how he grew up, because he had to learn to support a family.

Adverbs of Frequency Beginner English Lesson

Adverbs of Frequency Beginner English Lesson Students can now talk about their daily habits. Introducing adverbs of frequency can help give them further expressive capabilities by allowing them to speak about how often they perform daily tasks. Write these adverbs of frequency on the board next to a list of the days of the week. For example: Always - Monday / Tuesday / Wednesday / Thursday / Friday / Saturday / SundayUsually - Monday / Tuesday / Wednesday / Thursday / Friday / SaturdayOften - Monday / Tuesday / Thursday / SundaySometimes - Monday / ThursdaySeldom - SaturdayNever This list will help students associate the adverbs of frequency with the concept of relative repetition or frequency. Teacher: I always have breakfast. I usually get up at 7 oclock. I often watch television. I sometimes exercise. I seldom go shopping. I never cook fish. (Model each adverb of frequency by pointing to it on the board while slowly saying the phrases allowing students to take in the regularity associated with the adverb of frequency being used. Make sure to accent the various adverbs of frequency.) Teacher: Ken, how often do you come to class? I always come to class. How often do you watch TV? I sometimes watch TV. (Model how often and the adverb of frequency by accenting how often in the question and the adverb of frequency in the response.) Teacher: Paolo, how often do you come to class? Student(s): I always come to class. Teacher: Susan, how often do you watch TV? Student(s): I sometimes watch TV. Continue this exercise around the room with each of the students. Use very simple verbs that the students have already become used to using when talking about their daily routines so that they can focus on learning the adverbs of frequency. Pay special attention to the placement of the adverb of frequency. If a student makes a mistake, touch your ear to signal that the student should listen and then repeat his/her answer accenting what the student should have said. Part II: Expanding to Third Person Singular Teacher: Paolo, how often do you eat lunch? Student(s): I usually eat lunch. Teacher: Susan, does he usually eat lunch? Student(s): Yes, he usually eats lunch. (pay special attention to the s ending on the third person singular) Teacher: Susan, do you usually get up at ten oclock? Student(s): No, I never get up at ten oclock. Teacher: Olaf, does she usually get up at ten oclock? Student(s): No, she never gets up at ten oclock. etc. Continue this exercise around the room with each of the students. Use very simple verbs that the students have already become used to using when talking about their daily routines so that they can focus on learning the adverbs of frequency. Pay special attention to the placement of the adverb of frequency and the correct usage of the third person singular. If a student makes a mistake, touch your ear to signal that the student should listen and then repeat his/her answer accenting what the student should have said.

ALZHEIMERS Essays - Cognitive Disorders, Alzheimers Disease

ALZHEIMERS Essays - Cognitive Disorders, Alzheimers Disease ALZHEIMER'S Brian Foster Health March 2, 1999 Alzheimer's disease was first described by Alois Alzheimer. Alois Alzheimer was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist and he first described it in 1906. The disease was first thought to be a rare condition affecting only young people, and was referred to as presenite dementia. About 10 percent of the United States population over the age of 65 is affected by Alzheimer's disease, and up to 45 percent of those over the age of 85 may have the disease. Up to 2 million people suffer from it, or one percent of the population. During the early stages of the disease, a person forgets daily events, but they can still recall things that happened many years ago. Memory loss worsens during the later stages of the disease, when patients forget events from earlier years, patients cannot care for themselves, and some patients can become bedridden. Most patients die from infection or chronic disease 8 to 10 years after getting the disease. The cause of Alzheimer's disease still remains mysterious. People with a family history of the disease though, have a better chance of getting it themselves. Carriers of a specific version of the apolpoprorein E gene (apo E gene) are more likely to develop the disease. Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed by examining brain tissue under a microscope to see hallmark plaques and tangles, which is only possible after the patient dies. There are some ways that you can find out if you have the disease when you are alive, but it might not be 100 percent sure. You rule out other problems that could cause memory loss like a stroke, depression, alcoholism, and the use of certain prescription drugs. A thorough examination, which includes specialized brain scans is another way of diagnosing it. A patient could be given an evaluation called a neuro pschological examination. There is no known cure for Alzheimer's disease. Treatment focuses on lessening symptoms and attempting to slow the course of the disease. Drugs that increase or improve the function of brain acetylcholine, and the neurotransmitter that affects memory, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to help treat Alzheimer's disease. Preliminary studies say that anti-inflammatory drugs could prevent inflammation. There is evidence that the female hormone estrogen, may prevent or slow down the course of the disease. Coping with a loved one's decline and inability to recognize familiar faces causes extreme pain. Caregivers go through tons of pain and develop health and psychological problems because of so much stress. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Academic American Encyclopedia, Vol. I; Grolier, Inc., Danbury, CT. 1987. 2. Compton's Encyclopedia. 1992. 3. World Book Encyclopedia, World Book, Inc.; Chicago, IL 60661. 1992. 4. Microsoft-Encarta Encyclopedia, Microsoft Corporation. 1993-1998.

Case Studes Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Studes - Case Study Example This approach would include test of anger management, sustenance of pressure besides the general intelligence and academic excellence. Apex Environment is such kind of an organization that is a reputable standards that Maria has been anticipating and longing to work with. I strongly rule out the fact that at any given time the interviewing panel lost its course and unintentionally become irrelevant on the interview questions. It wasn’t carelessness. A panel of five intelligent personalities in company of the president of the company couldn’t have got it all wrong by asking irrelevant questions unintentionally, all of this was intentional and may be to test the level of patience, humility and soberness in dealing with the different situations or rather any other aspect that was being tested by the interviewing panel. This is best known to the panel itself and the purpose they intend all this would serve. Yes I would take the job if I were Maria. I don’t think I need any other additional information to raise my confidence on the firm since I hold the interviewing team with high level of intellect, wit, expertise and professionalism (Swanson & Elwood 49). Having been considered for the job by the panel is a show of having displayed competence and ability with addition to the second part of the session thereby meeting with the firm’s president and another panelist to discuss exclusively technically expertise relevant questions was a clear show that the previous was not sufficient but wasn’t targeting anything to do with her professional expertise. 3. The job of applications engineer for which Maria was applying requires (a) excellent technical skills with respect to mechanical engineering, (b) a commitment to working in the area of pollution control, (c) the ability to deal well confidently with customers who have engineering problems,

Final Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Final Project - Assignment Example But due to be too slow and too heavy in the American’s highways, the product did not yield high profit and thus the brand had to be taken back to Japan. In my own opinion, the Japanese considered American as the market target because at that time the World War II had just ended and thus they considered that the vehicle would be used in transport and other commercial assignments. The new brand of Toyopet which the company considered to be accepted in the market was because the car could carry a few passengers and more baggage than any other brand during 1950s. The target market in terms of demographics was in consideration of the family size since the product was manufactured as small brand that would not encourage a lot of passengers. The model considered psycho-graphics, the social class and lifestyle since the model was seen as a personal social class of individuals who did not like to use it for transportation purposes. The company, after manufacturing Toyopet Crown then st ated that it was the start and new models like Toyota Prius and lexus RX 450h were coming in the future. According to my research after going through the history of Toyopet and the target market, the consumers behavior changed towards the model because the product did not offer 0-to 60- mph performance as an American car and thus meaning that as the company was manufacturing the model they did not consider the environment in which it was going to operate in and thus concluded that the car was not engineered for the united states. The low income earners were the target market for the product since the product was small size automobile that was designed for low cost purchase and operations. Toyopet model resembled the British Ford Consul and Zephyr which were designed for a settled family with young family that needed their first car. Market target for the Toyopet Crown in terms

Using Industry Average Multiples For Valuation Finance Essay

Using Industry Average Multiples For Valuation Finance Essay Valuation of equity shares of a company is an important exercise and is performed on multiple occasions, be it investment decision in a particular company, merger, acquisition, restructuring, public issue, etc. Using industry average multiple is a common practice, especially when an unlisted security is to be valued. The study looks at eight industries and attempts to derive (a) which is the most stable industry average multiple by using the statistical tool coefficient of variation and (b) which would be the most important financial performance parameter, which could be driving multiple of a particular security within the industry by using statistical tool of coefficient of correlation. Executive Summary A company will get valued/re-valued on multiple occasions such as raising capital, sale of business, swap of shares, issue of stock options, etc. Valuation of publicly traded securities is quite straightforward and often regulated for different events, while valuation of thinly traded or un-traded securities requires some special approaches. There are three main approaches to security valuation such as discounted cash flows, asset based valuation and comparables. Comparables are regarded as one of the most useful and practical method. Ideal approach within comparables is to find out a publicly traded company which is exactly like the company being valued and adopt an appropriate multiple as valuation metric. Finding such a company is a challenge. Even if a company is financially alike, many non-financial factors such as general market reputation, stock liquidity, etc. could be influenced its valuation of a particular stock. Experts often use industry average multiples to counter this anomaly. They could be used on a stand-alone basis or along-with a set of exact comparables. The articles analyses the concept of industry multiples in eight industries: Private sector banks, Public sector banks, General food processing, Agri Inputs, Edible Oil, Rice, Sugar, Plantations (tea, coffee, flowers) and Auto-components and tries to answer two questions: Which is the most appropriate industry average multiple? The criterion used is co-efficient of variation. Multiples used are Market Capitalisation (MCap) / Profit After Tax, Enterprise Value (EV) / Earnings Before Interest Taxes Depreciation and Ammortisation (EBITDA), MCap/Book Value, MCap/Sales Which factor is the major driver of a multiple in a particular industry? The author has calculated co-efficient of correlation between different multiples and factors like revenues, 5 year revenue growth, margins, total assets, provisions, Return on Equity (ROE), Net worth. EV/EBITDA was the most stable multiple followed by Mcap/PAT (similar to P/E ratio). Revenue, net-worth and margins were important drivers. Keywords: Industry average multiple, valuation, market capitalization, book value, coefficient of variation/correlation Background There are many situations wherein a company will get valued/re-valued such as raising capital, sale of business, swap of shares, issue of stock options, etc. While, valuation is easy and fairly regulated (SEBI, the regulator in India has defined how a security is to be valued for different purposes) for a publicly traded company, valuation of a thinly traded or un-traded securities requires some special approaches. At times, analysts also value a well-traded company to determine whether it is value fair or if there is any possible up-side. Different approaches to valuation are as described below: Comparables Asset Value EBITDA PAT Book Value Sales, etc. Equity Value DCF Figure 1 Different valuation methods Asset Value: Asset based approaches such as book value (asset less liabilities as reflected in books of accounts) and realizable value (market value of asset less liabilities) are more relevant when the company/vehicle is wound-up or dissolved in any manner. Discounted Cash Flow (Discounted Cash Flow to the Firm): Discounted cash flow is, theoretically, the best valuation method. The company calculates its projected financial performance. These projections and their assumptions are vetted against market factors, expert opinions. Once the parties are confident with projections, cash flows of the company (called Cash Flow to the Firm) are calculated as follows: EBIT X (1-Tax Rate) Less Working Capital Changes Less Capital Expenditure Add Depreciation. An important component of DCF based valuation is the Terminal Value. Last year in the projection period is capitalized as: Cash flow in terminal year X (1+ perennial growth rate) / (WACC perennial growth rate). This is again discounted to calculate present value of terminal cash flow. This approach is well recognized, but is not widely used due to the following limitations: The model involves a number of assumptions (i) Entire set of assumptions going into calculation of financial projections, (ii) Market risk premium, (iii) Long term growth rate, etc. which makes it very subjective. The method does not work with firms which have un-utilised assets, are in the process of re-structuring, which do not have positive operating cash flows, etc. Comparables: One of the most preferred methods of valuing a company is comparing it with a publicly traded company of similar nature called relative valuation. It is also the most intuitive method we practice it in pricing almost everything real estate, items of daily usage, etc. In relative valuation, the value of an asset is derived from the pricing of comparable assets, standardized using a common variable such as earnings, cash flows, book value or revenues. (Damodaran on Valuation: Security Analysis for Investment and Corporate Finance, by Ashwath Damodaran, Wiley Finance) A publicly traded peer is identified and compared to the company under consideration in terms of various valuation parameters like Price to Earnings, Price to Book, Price to Sales, Enterprise Value / EBITDA which ever is applicable and accordingly the value of the company/security under consideration can be calculated, e.g. If a comparable company is traded at 15 times its earnings, the earnings of the company under consideration are multiplied by 15 to calculate its value. The approach is fairly simple, however, the challenge lies in finding an exact comparable. There can be many differentiating factors, and some of them could be quite stark. The pricing of the publicly traded peer would also be influenced by many non-objective factors like: general market perception, promoter reputation, adverse market rumors, low liquidity in specific stock, low level of public holding, etc. In light of these, many analysts and industry experts use industry-average multiples, on a stand-alone basis as well as to moderate/rationalize multiples of an individual or group of comparables. This brings us to the questions which the article intends to ponder over: Which bench-mark should be used? Every industry has two or three popular benchmarks, which appropriately capture financial and operative strengths, such as the tea gardens are valued at certain times of their sales, so are football clubs. Manufacturing industries are valued at certain time of their EBITDA or PAT as the case may be. However, if an industry average is to be used, high degree of variability in the multiple will compromise its reliability. Another question is what drives a companys valuation. The range in multiples in many industries tends to be quite high. Some tangible financial factor could be an important driver/differentiator for a company. Which would be the driver in a particular industry? The article attempts to answer these questions via an exercise on 214 companies in 8 different industries. The author has: Chosen 8 industries based on his past work experience Selected different publicly listed companies in each industry Derived their multiples and financial parameters from various databases Checked the variability of industry averages of multiples by using the statistical tool co-efficient of variation to answer the first question (most reliable benchmark) Run correlation between a particular industry relevant bench-mark such as 5 year growth, margins, etc. and the multiple e.g. correlation between P/E ratios and book size in banking industry to answer the second question. The breakup of companies across industries is as follows: Table 1 Sectors and number of companies used in analysis Industry No of companies Private sector banks 14 Public sector banks 23 General food processing 16 Agri Inputs 8 Edible Oil 17 Rice 7 Sugar 17 Plantations (tea, coffee, flowers) 17 Auto-components 85 Total 214 The following multiples were used: Market Capitalisation (MCap) / Profit After Tax, Enterprise Value (EV) / Earnings Before Interest Taxes Depreciation and Ammortisation (EBITDA), MCap/Book Value, MCap/Sales. Mcap/PAT is similar to more commonly used Price to Earnings per share (P/E), and Mcap/Book Value is similar to Price to Book value per share (P/B). The following financial performance parameters were selected for analysis: Revenues of latest available financial year, 5 year revenue growth, margins (PAT margin for banks and EBITDA margins for others), total assets, provisions, Return on Equity (ROE), Net worth Analysis Private Sector Banks The following banks were analysed within private sector banks: HDFC Bank Ltd., ICICI Bank Limited, Axis Bank Limited, IndusInd Bank Limited, Yes Bank Ltd, Federal Bank Limited, ING Vysya Bank Limited, The Jammu Kashmir Bank Limited, Karur Vysya Bank Ltd., South Indian Bank Limited, City Union Bank Ltd., Karnataka Bank Ltd, Development Credit Bank Ltd., Lakshmi Vilas Bank Limited. Table 2 Results of private sector banks Banks (private) Multiple Parameter Mcap/PAT Mcap/Assets Mcap/Sales Mcap/Book Value Mean 8.40 0.09 0.88 1.19 StdEv 5.43 0.08 0.82 0.93 Coeff of Variation 0.65 0.99 0.93 0.78 Correlation between multiple parameter Revenue 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.09 Past 5 year growth 0.20 0.34 0.36 0.48 Margin 0.32 0.59 0.61 0.63 Total Assets 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.07 Provisions -0.05 -0.10 -0.09 -0.07 ROE 0.01 0.32 0.34 0.43 Net Worth 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.16 MCap/PAT, similar to Price to Earnings showed maximum stability. Margin (calculated as PAT/Revenue) showed maximum correlation with MCap/PAT, followed by high growth rate. The MCap/Book value Price to Book in popular parlance and Return On Equity showed the maximum correlation across all multiples and parameters. Margin and ROE showed maximum correlation with MCap/PAT. Public Sector Banks Public sector banks tend to have different operating objectives and are often valued differently compared to private sector banks. Mcap/PAT of public sector banks is 5.41 v/s 8.40 as observed in private sector banks. The following public sector banks were analysed: Indian Overseas Bank, Andhra Bank, Corporation Bank, Central Bank Of India, UCO Bank, Dena Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur, State Bank of Travancore, State Bank of Mysore, United Bank of India, Punjab Sind Bank. Table 3 Results of public sector banks Banks (public) Multiple Parameter Mcap/PAT Mcap/Assets Mcap/Sales Mcap/Book Value Mean 5.41 0.04 0.45 0.69 StdEv 1.36 0.01 0.15 0.16 Coeff of Variation 0.25 0.29 0.32 0.23 Correlation between multiple parameter Revenue 0.34 0.61 0.65 0.60 Past 5 year growth -0.05 0.12 0.13 0.07 Margin -0.46 0.79 0.81 0.76 Total Assets 0.31 0.62 0.70 0.63 Provisions 0.44 0.51 0.50 0.46 ROE -0.64 0.57 0.57 0.69 Net Worth 0.29 0.70 0.75 0.65 Public sector banks showed a different trend in variability of multiples. The book value multiple seems to show the least variation around mean as compared to Mcap/PAT observed in private banks. Within the book value multiple, margins show the highest correlation of 0.76 followed by ROE, 0.69. Food processing Food processing falls into manufacturing domain. EV/EBITDA multiple is introduced in place of the Total Assets multiple is relevant to the banking and NBFC company wherein income is primarily driven by book size. EV/EBITDA is one of the most popular multiples in manufacturing sector. It captures the operating strength of a company (EBITDA) v/s Enterprise Value. Enterprise value is a debt and cash neutral metric, calculated by Market Capitalisation + Debt Cash. Table 4 Results of food processing (general) Food Processing Multiple Parameter Mcap/PAT EV/EBITDA Mcap/Sales Mcap/Book Value Mean 18.50 9.39 0.97 4.21 StdEv 14.09 6.64 1.61 7.36 Coeff of Variation 0.76 0.71 1.65 1.75 Correlation between multiple parameter Revenue 0.39 0.64 0.49 0.75 Past 5 year growth -0.34 -0.27 -0.17 -0.14 EBITDA Margin 0.02 0.20 0.57 0.26 ROE 0.50 0.80 0.75 0.90 Net Worth 0.06 0.31 0.34 0.34 EV/EBITDA shows the lowest variation around mean (0.71). ROE is the most important driver for this multiple (0.8 correlation), followed by revenue. The following companies were considered for analysis in food processing: Hatson Agro Products REI Agro, Heritage Foods, KSE Limited, Nestle India Ltd., Glaxo SmithKline, Britannia Industries, Zydus Wellness, DFM Foods Ltd., Vadilal Industries, Himalya International, ADF Foods, Anik Industries, Srinivasa Hatcheries, Flex Foods, Bambino Agro, Foods and Inns, Tasty Bite Eatables, Freshtrop Fruits, Temptation Foods, Chordia Food Products. Vadilal Enterprises, Sita Shree Food Products, Simran Farms, Venkys (India), Waterbase. The companies belonged to multiple sub-sectors like dairy, poultry, consumer goods, ice creams, frozen food, etc . Agri Inputs Agri inputs included seed, special fertilizers and some special input companies in food processing industries. The larger fertilizer companies, which fall more into chemicals domain were not considered. The following companies were anlysed: Sukhjit Starch Chemicals, Narmada Gelatines, Sakuma Exports, Vidhi Dyestuffs, Saboo Sodium Chloro, Kaveri Seed, Advanta India, Basant Agro Tech. In agri inputs also, EV/EBITDA showed maximum stability, followed by MCap/PAT. EBITDA margin showed highest correlation with EV/EBITDA. Table 5 Results of specialised agri inputs Agri Input Multiple Parameter Mcap/PAT EV/EBITDA Mcap/Sales Mcap/Book Value Mean 11.27 8.53 0.98 1.68 StdEv 9.64 5.11 1.28 1.87 Coeff of Variation 0.86 0.60 1.30 1.11 Correlation between multiple parameter Revenue -0.36 0.25 0.04 0.11 Past 5 year growth -0.18 0.25 0.26 0.40 EBITDA Margin -0.88 -0.08 0.71 0.11 ROE 0.02 -0.03 0.40 0.48 Net Worth 0.33 0.66 0.48 0.53 Edible Oil: Edible oil is a special segment within food processing. The sector is characterized by high level of imports, benchmarking with international prices, low regulations compared to commodities like rice and pulses, etc. The following companies were anlysed: Ruchi Soya Industries, Sanwaria Agro Oils, Rasoya Proteins, Gujarat Ambuja Exports, Jayant Agro-Organics, JVL Agro Industries, Vippy Industries Limited, Vimal Oil Foods, Raj Oil Mills, BCL Industries, Hind Industries, Kriti Nutrients, Vijay Solvex, Sam Industries, Modi Naturals, Natraj Proteins, Poona Dal Oil Industries Table 6 Results of edible oil Edible Oil Multiple Parameter Mcap/PAT EV/EBITDA Mcap/Sales Mcap/Book Value Mean 11.10 6.43 0.21 1.53 StdEv 9.77 4.18 0.27 2.20 Coeff of Variation 0.88 0.65 1.31 1.44 Correlation between multiple parameter Revenue 0.43 -0.12 -0.12 -0.03 Past 5 year growth -0.28 -0.36 0.99 -0.20 EBITDA Margin -0.01 -0.03 0.51 0.16 ROE -0.20 -0.12 0.58 0.61 Net Worth 0.38 -0.14 -0.11 -0.04 EV/EBITDA showed the maximum stability, however, none of the parameters showed any reasonable correlation with the parameter. EV/EBITDA was followed by Mcap/PAT with 0.88 coefficient of variation. This factor showed relatively higher correlation with revenue followed by Net Worth. Rice Rice is also a typical sector within food processing. Most of the publicly traded rice companies have focused on basmati rice. Basmati is a famous variety of aromatic rice and has large export market in the middle east, Europe and US. The following companies were analysed: Khushi Ram Behari La, Usher Agro, LT Food, Lakshmi Energy and Foods, Emmsons International, Chaman Lal Setia Exports, GRM Overseas. The sector showed better stability of Mcap/PAT followed by Mcap/Book Value. Within Mcap/PAT EBITDA margin showed the highest correlation at 0.86. Table 7 Results of rice Rice Multiple Parameter Mcap/PAT EV/EBITDA Mcap/Sales Mcap/Book Value Mean 6.12 7.94 0.16 0.68 StdEv 2.27 3.95 0.13 0.30 Coeff of Variation 0.37 0.50 0.83 0.44 Correlation between multiple parameter Revenue 0.42 0.68 0.16 0.17 Past 5 year growth -0.70 0.47 -0.92 -0.98 EBITDA Margin 0.86 -0.60 0.59 -0.25 ROE -0.77 0.12 0.11 0.73 Net Worth 1.00 -0.17 0.55 -0.30 Sugar: Sugar is one of the largest organized sectors in agri processing. The sector has many large companies like Renuka Sugars, Bajaj Hindustan, etc. The sector also has some typical features like minimum procurement price, cyclical production, concentrated production in Asia and South America, etc. The following companies were analysed: E.I.D. Parry, Bajaj Hindusthan, Bannari Amman Sugars, Triveni Engineering, Andhra Sugars, Dhampur Sugar Mills, KCP Sugar, Ponni Sugars (Erode), Ugar Sugar Works, Dalmia Bharat Sugar, Thiru Arooran Sugars, Sri Chamundeswari, Piccadily Agro, Vishnu Sugar Mills, Kesar Enterprises, Piccadily Sugars, Indian Sucrose EV/EBITDA showed lowest co-efficient of variation (0.44). The multiple showed highest correlation with net worth, followed by revenue. Table 8 Results of sugar Sugar Multiple Parameter Mcap/PAT EV/EBITDA Mcap/Sales Mcap/Book Value Mean 14.38 6.90 0.35 0.80 StdEv 14.79 3.07 0.20 0.39 Coeff of Variation 1.03 0.44 0.56 0.48 Correlation between multiple parameter Revenue -0.01 0.20 0.00 0.19 Past 5 year growth -0.26 -0.04 -0.42 0.23 EBITDA Margin -0.51 -0.43 0.49 0.18 ROE -0.65 -0.69 0.44 0.61 Net Worth -0.01 0.44 0.08 0.01 Plantations Tea and Coffee are another specialized area in agri and food industries. The sector has stakes of many large FMCG companies like Tata Tea, Unilever, etc. This sector also has special policies, farming conditions, competitive factors. For the purpose of this analysis, flowers have also been analysed together with tea and coffee. The following companies for part of this analysis: Karuturi Global, Neha International, Pochiraju Industries, Tata Global Beverage, McLeod Russel India, Tata Coffee, CCL Products India, Warren Tea, Dhunseri Petrochem, Goodricke Group, Jayshree Tea, Assam Company India, Harrisons Malayalam, Russell India, United Nilgiri Tea, Joonktollee Tea, Diana Tea. Here also, EV/EBITDA showed minimum coefficient of variation, followed by Mcap/Sales. Revenue and net worth showed the highest correlation with EV/EBITDA. Table 9 Results of plantation (tea, coffee, flowers) Plantation (tea, coffee flowers) Multiple Parameter Mcap/PAT EV/EBITDA Mcap/Sales Mcap/Book Value Mean 15.17 9.60 1.09 1.13 StdEv 13.19 5.70 0.81 0.87 Coeff of Variation 0.87 0.59 0.75 0.76 Correlation between multiple parameter Revenue 0.22 0.33 0.09 0.27 Past 5 year growth -0.47 -0.38 -0.19 -0.43 EBITDA Margin -0.34 -0.42 0.20 -0.11 ROE -0.37 -0.27 0.20 0.54 Net Worth 0.18 0.29 0.16 0.21 Auto components Auto components industry comprises of a large number of specialized players focusing on different segments of auto industry. Major segments and their composition in total industry size are: Engine parts 31% Drive transmission and steering parts 19% Body and Chassis 12% Suspension and braking parts 12% Equipments 10% Electrical parts 9% Miscellaneous 7% The industry is estimated at USD 43.5 billion in FY 2011-12. (Auto Components Manufacturers Association of India) The following companies were anlaysed in the industry: Bosch, Cummins India, Exide Industries, Motherson Sumi Systems, WABCO, Amtek India, Kirloskar, Amtek Auto Limited, Federal-Mogul, Sundram Fasteners, Wheels India, Shanthi Gears, NRB Bearings, Automotive Axles, Mahindra Forgings, Commercial Engineers, Banco Products, Jamna Auto Industries, Fairfield Atlas, Gabriel India, Lumax Industries, Sundaram-Clayton, India Motor Parts, Saint-Gobain, Steel Strips Wheels, Setco Automotive, Minda Industries, Suprajit Engineering, Rane Holdings, ZF Steering Gear, Munjal Showa, Sona Koyo Steering, Munjal Auto, Lumax Auto Technology, Autoline Industries, India Nippon, FIEM Industries, L. G. Balakrishnan, Subros, Pricol, Hindustan Composites, Ucal Fuel Systems, Rane Madras, Rico Auto Industries, Jay Bharat Maruti, Shivam Autotech, Omax Autos, IST, Bimetal Bearings, Rane Engine Valves, REIL Electricals, Rane Brake Lining, Precision Pipes, Automotive Stampings, Harita Seating, JMT Auto, Alicon Castalloy, JBM Auto, Bharat Gears, Menon Pistons, Talbros Automotive, Triton Valves, Aunde India, Clutch Auto, Pix Transmissions, Bharat Seats, Lakshmi Precision, Menon Bearings, Simmonds Marshall, Kar Mobiles, IP Rings, Jay Ushin, Gujarat Automotive, Competent Automobile, Lumax Automotive Systems, Autolite India, ANG Industries, Hindustan Hardy, Raunaq Automotive, Remsons Industries, Porwall Auto Components, Spectra Industries, Kew Industries, Jagan Lamps, Coventry Coil-O Matic. In this industry again, EV/EBITDA is the most stable multiple. EV/EBITDA shows maximum correlation with revenue and net-worth. Table 10 Results of auto-components Auto Components Multiple Parameter Mcap/PAT EV/EBITDA Mcap/Sales Mcap/Book Value Mean 12.47 6.04 0.67 1.62 StdEv 13.09 4.65 0.93 1.67 Coeff of Variation 1.05 0.77 1.40 1.03 Correlation between multiple parameter Revenue 0.19 0.35 0.18 0.31 Past 5 year growth -0.04 0.05 -0.05 0.09 EBITDA Margin 0.03 0.06 0.47 0.12 ROE -0.31 0.04 0.21 0.45 Net Worth 0.13 0.35 0.30 0.24 Inferences: The most stable multiples across different industries and their respective coefficients of correlations with different financial parameters were as follows: Table 11 Summary of trends Coefficient of variation Correlation Industry Co-efficient of Variation Multiple Highest Correlation Second highest Correlation Private sector banks 0.65 MCAP/PAT Margin 0.32 Past 5 year growth 0.20 Public sector banks 0.23 P/B Margin 0.76 ROE 0.69 General food processing 0.71 EV/EBITDA ROE 0.80 Revenue 0.64 Agri Inputs 0.60 EV/EBITDA Net worth 0.66 Revenue 0.25 Edible Oil 0.88 MCAP/PAT Revenue 0.43 Net worth 0.38 Rice 0.37 MCAP/PAT Net worth 1.00 EBITDA margin 0.86 Sugar 0.44 EV/EBITDA Net worth 0.44 Revenue 0.20 Plantations (tea, coffee, flowers) 0.59 EV/EBITDA Revenue 0.33 Revenue 0.29 Auto-components 0.77 EV/EBITDA Revenue 0.35 Revenue 0.35 *In edible oil, lower coefficient was observed in EV/EBITDA. P/E was chosen because EV/EBITDA showed no correlation with any of the parameters studied. Co-efficient of variation was minimum in public sector banks and highest in auto-components. Industry multiple of public sector banks, hence, stands as the most reliable industry multiple among the industries observed. The co-efficient would be high if there is considerable heterogeneity within the industry in terms of size, profitability, product portfolio, promoter background, etc. Earnings based multiples EV/EBITDA and P/E showed minimum coefficient of variation in all industries, except public sector banks, which showed Mcap to Book Value as the most stable multiple. Considering the correlations observed with the most stable multiple, we can infer that: net margins are the main drivers of multiples in banks (both public and private) among the parameters observed, ROE was most influential in food processing and edible oil plantations and auto-components seem to be driven by revenue vis-Ã  -vis other parameters observed and agri inputs, rice and sugar were influenced by net-worth of respective companies. The following table shows the maximum correlation observed in a particular industry. Table 12 Maximum correlations across industries Industry Maximum Correlation Relationships Private sector banks 0.63 ROE and Mcap/Book Value Public sector banks 0.81 PAT Margin and Mcap/Book Value General food processing 0.90 ROE and Mcap/Book Value Agri Inputs 0.71 EBITDA margin and Mcap/Sales Edible Oil 0.99 5 year growth and Mcap/Sales Rice 1.00 Net-worth and Mcap/PAT Sugar 0.61 ROE and Mcap/Book Value Plantations (tea, coffee, flowers) 0.54 ROE and Mcap/Book Value Auto-components 0.47 EBITDA margin and Mcap/Sales ROE and Mcap/Book Value showed highest correlation in four out of nine industries, followed by EBITDA margin and Mcap/Sales. The results were quite intuitive a company generating higher returns on invested capital (ROE), or a company operating at a higher margin should be valued more than its peers. Table 13 Results of general correlation analysis Parameter Mcap/PAT

DropBox Case Essay

Dropbox was created in 2007 and launched to the public a year later. It was founded by Drew Houston and Arash Ferdowski; who were classmates together at MIT in the early 2000’s. The created a product that allows you to sync you computers together by using a cloud to share files between the different computers. At the time of creation there were existing products in the market but they believed that they created a product that would simplify the process as well as make it secure and reliable for the customers. Their plan was to differentiate themselves form their competitors based off these factors. For a customer of Dropbox it allows them to easily and reliably share files between their computers or devices. They believed that the existing products were unreliable and would only allow u to share a certain amount of files. Their product would be reliable and easy to use for the customers. They would also get a free 2G worth of space or could but additional space if they needed to. This is something seen by a few competitors but not all of them. They also created a product that can be used for both business and personal use. Dropbox will do something that also differentiates itself form their competitor. They will use Amazons server to provide the customers space the store files. This will be rented from Amazon and will drastically decrease the amount of money they spend to provide space. Owning their own servers will be costly to purchase and maintain for Dropbox. They also only hired engineers to their company in the early going to be able to continue to improve the technology they are providing. To keep improving their product they offered beta testers the opportunity to test the product and see how they like it. They also listened to their customers after the launched to see what they liked and did not like. This led them to develop a feature of the product that allows the customer to provide feedback to the company. They also observed users using the product to see if it fit the needs of a  basic user, which turned out to be very beneficial to the company. Dropbox launched their product in 2008. While the product was still in beta it began to gain customers through various websites and technological competitions for startup companies. This allowed Dropbox to get their name out there to the people who most likely are already using similar products or have the need for this product. When they launched the product they used the freemium business model where they offered free use for up to 2G of space and you could pay a premium for more space. They wanted to grow rapidly in the market to gain as big of market share as possible in the shortest amount of time. They also found great success from word of mouth referrals and viral marketing campaigns. Dropbox’s biggest problem they needed to solve early on was their customer acquisition rate. They found that in the early going to cost about 300 dollars per customer they had pay. This was due to the amount of free space given away to the amount that people were paying for. This does not set them up to be successful financially if it didn’t improve. Dropbox was able to figure this out and lower their costs but utilizing more word of mouth referrals. Dropbox was fortunate enough to have backers that supported their company in the early going with enough money to keep the company going until they could gain the following needed to decrease costs. They have a greater opportunity for profit then most of their competitors because of their use of Amazon’s server instead of buying and maintaining their own, especially with the decreasing rate of renting server space.

Understanding the Effective Primary Science Learning

In my experience the enthusiasm and appetency for acquisition of kids in their primary old ages is matchless which makes primary learning a truly fulfilling and honoring experience. However, high-quality instruction and good thought-out course of study development in these early old ages is important to kids ‘s success. With mentions to my ain experiences and through a critical analysis of the available literature, this paper will discourse how possible course of study development will heighten effectual primary learning with a specific focal point on the topic of scientific discipline. It will besides discourse some of the troubles in interpreting these constructs into pattern and see ways to get the better of these obstructions. Bettering a immature individuals ‘ apprehension of scientific discipline is cardinal to the authorities ‘s committedness to promote more kids to analyze scientific discipline. A good scientific discipline instruction is non merely of import for scientific literacy subsequently in life but by go oning to analyze scientific discipline throughout school, students open themselves up to a universe of possibilities ( Teachernet, 2009:1 ) . This committedness was ab initio exemplified through the debut of a National Curriculum in 1989 which asserted that compulsory scientific discipline instruction be brought into the primary sectors in England and Wales for the first clip. Science was placed alongside English and Mathematics in what became known as ‘the nucleus ‘ ( Sharp, J et Al. 2009:247 ) . However, from the beginning, it became clear that many schools had troubles in presenting the National Curriculum efficaciously. The course of study was viewed as excessively normative and overladen and hindered instructors ‘ ability to be originative and give adequate attending to the demands of kids with larning troubles. Assessment processs were besides debatable with a figure of instructors objecting to the National Curriculum trials ( DCSF, 2009:28 ) . To rectify the jobs associated with the National Curriculum there have been several alterations and reappraisals of it since its initial execution. For illustration, Sir Jim Rose ( Alexander and Flutter, 2009:3 ) was invited to set about an ‘Independent reappraisal of the primary course of study ‘ with a position to doing some recommendations which will inform the new primary course of study to be introduced from September 2011. Indeed, a figure of writers have proffered suggestions for course of study development, the comparative virtues of which will be discussed in the undermentioned paragraphs. Harmonizing to the Rose Review ( DCSF, 2009:9 ) the course of study that primary kids are taught must let them to bask childhood and develop the indispensable accomplishments and cognition which are the foundations for secondary instruction and ulterior life. To accomplish this, the new course of study must be informed by an apprehension of the meshing ways in which kids learn – physically, intellectually, emotionally, socially, and spiritually between the ages of 5 and 11. In add-on, a well-planned, dynamic course of study acknowledges that primary kids â€Å" love to be challenged and engaged in practical activities ; and they readily empathise with others through working together and through experiences in humanistic disciplines, literature, spiritual instruction and much else. Primary kids must non merely larn what to analyze, they must besides larn how to analyze, and therefore go confident, self-restraining persons † . Although the topic of scientific discipline ( and most other topics ) has antecedently been content-driven, in position of the above paragraph it is possibly non surprising that recent course of study developments seem to be embracing a more holistic attack equilibrating ‘content ‘ with ‘process ‘ and concentrating on accomplishments development every bit good as the acquisition of cognition. This recent development is likely to hold been influenced by instructors concern that because the bing course of study has so much prescribed content they do non hold clip to learn it in deepness, or for kids to consolidate their acquisition. Consequently, a cardinal demand of this reappraisal is to cut down overload by â€Å" reexamining the current programmes of survey so that schools have greater flexibleness to run into students ‘ single demands and construct on their anterior acquisition † ( DCSF, 2009:10 ) . A greater focal point on ‘process ‘ enables kids to go more involved in hands-on activity and practical work and encourages kids to research their ain and others ‘ thoughts. Concept function, group work, utilizing computing machine plans, function drama, field work and authorship are besides of import vehicles for assisting kids develop their ain thoughts ( Wynne, 1999:14 ) . Indeed, promoting echt collaborative group activity is of import to accomplishing the sort of interchange that encourages thoughts ( Barnes, 1976, cited in Wynne, 1999:58 ) . Harmonizing to Barnes ( 1976:31 ) â€Å" Talk and authorship provide agencies by which kids are able to reflect upon the bases upon which they are construing world and thereby change them † . Henderson ( 1994, cited in Wynne, 1999:58 ) has suggested several schemes for advancing group coaction and category treatment, including: groups researching a subject and showing their findings ; groups be aftering an probe and sharing their thoughts. Another recommendation made by the Rose Review ( DCSF, 2009:46 ) can enable greater flexibleness for instructors, increase enjoyment and better acquisition development for students. Harmonizing to Ofsted and the QCA study ( DCSF, 2009:12 ) some of the most effectual acquisition occurs when connexions are made between topics. This is supported by Millar and Osborne ( 1998, cited in Sharp and Grace, 2004:313 ) who assert that uranology for illustration, can supply the ‘explanatory narratives ‘ that integrated whole sets of science-related every bit good as modern-day and historical instance surveies, and these narratives provide a cross-curricular tool for doing those constructs more memorable. A little rural Shropshire primary school is a specific illustration of successful cross-curricular activity in schools. In this school the environment was often used for a broad scope of out-of-door chases, such as field surveies of home grounds, forestry direction, and the landscape which brought together elements of geographics, scientific discipline and history ( DCSF, 2009:42 ) . My school excessively uses the out-of-doorss creatively for turning and analyzing workss and this has proved to be a really gratifying and successful acquisition experience for students. Cassop Primary School ( DCSF, 2009:48 ) is besides an first-class illustration of a school which has been able to unite topics to the enjoyment and advancement of students and lend significantly to the environment. The school is the first wind-powered school in the UK and its environmental programme has helped to heighten acquisition in scientific discipline and engineering and environmental apprehension so that â€Å" students are able to explicate clearly the scientific discipline underpinning the engineering, while as a focal point for larning they develop accomplishments in question, concluding and creativeness † . This enables kids to set up good attitudes to larning ( DCSF, 2009:49 ) and facilitates the ability to larn non merely what to analyze, but besides how to analyze as portion of a rewarding procedure. Another recommendation is to utilize drama in a productive and meaningful manner to heighten kids ‘s cognition of scientific discipline. The Rose reappraisal received many petitions from parents to supply more chances for exploratory, well-structured drama. Based on strong grounds, the interim study highlighted the importance of larning through drama for immature kids and proffered that the intents of drama in advancing acquisition should be made expressed and chances made to carry through them in the primary course of study ( DCSF, 2009:93 ) . It is of import to observe that these schemes are improbable to be implemented efficaciously without the full engagement of parents themselves. The Rose Review ( DCSF, 2009:17 ) asserts that kids thrive best when parenting, the course of study and teaching method are all of high quality and has observed a figure of illustrations of instructors and parents partaking in informal treatment about kids. The Cambridge Review ( Alexander and Flutter, 2009:20 ) besides recommends that kids themselves should hold a say in course of study design and planning. Lambeth Children and Young People ‘s Services suggested that the course of study needs to promote a more meaningful and relevant course of study, including our apprehension of how kids learn, and inquiring for their position and input in design. Gilbert et Al. ( 1982, cited in Sharp and Grace, 2004:313 ) support this position and assert that serious consideration should be devoted to understanding kids ‘s involvement and motive in the different content countries of scientific discipline. So far, this assignment has explored some of the schemes recommended by authorities and their part to the acquisition and development of kids through scientific discipline. However, there are a figure of obstructions within the instruction system which can smother the passage from policy to pattern and these will be discussed in the undermentioned paragraphs. Harmonizing to Roden ( 2000:31 ) ten old ages on from the execution of the National Curriculum there does look to hold been some important betterments. Children are accomplishing expected criterions of scientific discipline, as measured by public presentations on SAT ‘s trials and teacher appraisal at the terminal of Key Stage 2. However, in 2009, England has a statutory National Curriculum for the primary stage with non-statutory elements, which combines three nucleus topics, two of which ( mathematics and English ) are capable to separate agreements in chase of the ‘standards ‘ docket and take up half of the available instruction clip in structured lessons. The other seven statutory foundation topics and three non-statutory foundation topics are expected to be accommodated for during the other half of available instruction clip ( Alexander and Flutter, 2009:5, 6 ) . In contrast to daily literacy and numeracy lessons speaking half of the available instruction clip, NAIGS estimated that clip devoted to scientific survey now equated to merely 1.5 hours a hebdomad at Key Stages 1 and merely 2 hours at KS2. This instruction tended to be limited to afternoon slots with small learning support ( Alexander and Flutter, 2009:30 ) . Therefore, although the increased focal point on cross-curricular activiti es may let instructors to pass more clip on scientific chases within a tight timeframe, it can be really hard to guarantee that kids are provided with a good balance of both ‘process ‘ and ‘content ‘ oriented work particularly given the increased focal point on SATs.. Indeed, Hollins and Whitby ( 1998, cited in Roden, 2000:34 ) point out that although ‘process ‘ and ‘content ‘ are supposed to be given equal weighting, recent statutory educational duties have encouraged the usage of didactic methods of learning to the hurt of question acquisition which reduces chances for kids to widen their apprehension. Appraisal at Key Stage 1 and KS2 relies to a great extent on instructor appraisal which holds equal position with pronounced Standards Attainment Tests ( SATs ) . The focal point within SATs requires callback of factual information which has led to ‘teaching to the trials ‘ ( Roden, 2000:34 ) and I know I have been guilty of holding done the same thing myself because kids merely would non make good in trials otherwise. Another concern is the deficiency of assurance that primary instructors frequently have in learning scientific subjects. In a national study of 514 primary instructors in Scotland primary instructors were less confident about learning scientific discipline than about all other course of study countries and felt that their ain apprehension was non sufficient plenty to promote conceptual development in students ( Holroyd, 1996:323 ) . Newton and Newton ( 2009:45 ) , in their survey of 16 concluding twelvemonth pupils on a degree class taking to measure up instructor position in the UK besides found that constructs of school scientific discipline lessons were narrow, focused on chiefly practical probes of affair of fact, and included misconceptions. The analysis so far, has shown that although there are a figure of possible course of study developments which could lend to the academic development of the kid and heighten their enjoyment of acquisition, the limited sum of clip allowed for learning scientific discipline, the force per unit area to accomplish high criterions in assessment trials, and the deficiency of assurance and cognition of scientific topics characterised by some instructors, can impede the passage from policy to pattern. However, there are some schemes that can be implemented in order to get down to get the better of the challenges encountered by primary scientific discipline instructors and these will be explored in the undermentioned paragraphs. Harmonizing to Wilson et Al. ( 2004:20 ) the impression that a more originative and ambitious attack will ensue in greater accomplishment in SATs was the footing of an Oxford Brookes University undertaking. It was felt that giving kids chances to build their ain apprehension would increase their enthusiasm for scientific discipline and assist them prosecute in the scientific procedure. This has clear resonance with ‘Excellence and Enjoyment ‘ ( DfES, 2003:1 ) a scheme for primary schools which opens with the words: â€Å" Children learn better when they are excited and engagedaˆÂ ¦.when there is joy in what they are making, they learn to love acquisition † . The undertaking involved 16 schools and two key instructors within each school. The cardinal countries that the undertaking focused on were: More focussed recording by the kids ; increased clip spent in treatment and argument of scientific thoughts ; more chances for practical probe ; and an increased accent on developing kids ‘s higher order thought ( Wilson et al. 2004:21 ) . The more focussed recording has released clip in lessons for making scientific discipline and treatment of the large thoughts which leads to further development of scientific cognition and accomplishments. In ‘Challenges in primary scientific discipline ‘ ( Coates and Wilson, 2003, cited in Wilson et Al. 2004:21 ) a short ‘bright thoughts ‘ slot into primary scientific discipline lessons is suggested. Promoting the kids to ‘think, brace and so portion ‘ for this slot encourages them to take clip to believe and improves deepnesss to their replies. As a consequence of the undertakings recommendations, 13 of the 16 schools showed a important addition in the per centum of kids accomplishing degree 5. Nationally, the per centum of kids achieving degree 5 in 2003 increased by 3 per cent, but 11 of the participating schools showed an addition much greater than this ( Wilson et al. 2004:21 ) . In decision, this assignment has critically assessed the available literature on possible course of study development for the sweetening of kids ‘s acquisition in primary scientific discipline. Recent reappraisals have recommended that primary scientific discipline learning be less content-led and more process-driven, advance the advantages of cross-curricular instruction and promote greater flexibleness in ‘what ‘ and ‘how ‘ scientific discipline is taught. There are a figure of illustrations to exemplify the effectivity of these attacks in primary schools. However, there are besides a figure of troubles associated with seeking to practically implement these schemes in an educational environment whereby many instructors lack the assurance and accomplishments to learn scientific discipline efficaciously, which still allocates limited clip for the instruction of scientific discipline and puts force per unit area on instructors to guarantee that students à ¢â‚¬Ëœ perform good in content-driven appraisal trials. The Oxford Brookes Project does propose some ways for scientific discipline instructors to believe creatively in this comparatively constricted environment and these have proved successful at developing the ‘whole ‘ kid and bettering academic attainment. However, such efforts are likely to stay bit-by-bit unless the position of scientific discipline is raised to be that of English and Mathematics ; clip is ring-fenced to supply adequate chance for practical work ; assessment trials place greater accent on appraisal accomplishments ; and more preparation is made available for instructors to better their scientific cognition and assurance.

Government Intervention Vs. Self Regulation - 874 Words

Business Ethics: Government Intervention vs. Self-Regulation Wealth brings power and power can at times bring corruption. In today’s economy where individuals are no longer the concern when it comes to wealth, the global attention is drawn to corporations who hold the majority of our wealth. This calls for us to take cetain measures that can ensure the existence of a socially responsible behavior amongst all corporations, and these measures could be introduced in many forms, quite possibly the most favorable currently being government intervention. However, government intervention is not always the best method for ensuring social responsibility and ethical behavior amongst corporations. A much better alternative is a self-regulatory economy along with a combination of freedom and transparency in order to ensure responsible behavior in corporations, in addition to an increase in efficiency and flexibility in regards to resources and innovation. 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In Who Built America by Christopher Clark, Nancy Hewitt, Joshua Brown, and David Jaffee, they highlighted how this shift to large-scale manufacturing had led to the little impact of workers’Read MoreLareaus Unequal Childhood Paper Analysis1541 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitution and how the family unit interconnect with other social institutions within any given society. According to the Structural-Functional Analysis for example, the family serves as a unit that perform many vital tasks which include socialization, regulation of sexual activity (reproduction), social placement and emotional support. According to the Social-Conflict Analysis, the family unit contributes to the perpetuation in inequality solely based on race, class, gender, gender and ethnicity. FinallyRead More1. Compare and contrast business systems in Japan and China. Answer with reference to relevant theories and use comparative country and/or corporate examples. 2476 Words   |  10 Pagesrequires good company and government governance, in order to achieve this result. Japan is also a major technology and export hub in Asia and she is currently the world third largest economy by Gross Domestic Product. (World Bank , 2014). Prior to the economic reform of Deng Xiao Peng, the Chinese government has total control of all the State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) under the communist system. It is a very highly centralized system that only the Chinese State government has power and control over